How Canadians Govern Themselves
Canada is a federal state, a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy. There are three levels of government — federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal — each with its own responsibilities: the federal government handles defence, foreign policy, and criminal law; provinces handle health care, education, and natural resources; municipalities handle local services like garbage collection and roads.
Parliament is made up of the Sovereign, the Senate, and the elected House of Commons. MPs are elected by voters in their riding, normally every four years. The Prime Minister leads the party with the most seats and directs the government day to day, while the Governor General represents the monarch and grants Royal Assent to bills. Senators are appointed by the Governor General on the Prime Minister's advice and serve until age 75.
To vote federally, you must be a Canadian citizen, at least 18, and on the voters' list. After an election, the party with the most seats usually forms government — a majority if it holds at least half the seats, a minority if not. The largest opposition party becomes the Official Opposition.
Based on Discover Canada — chapters “How Canadians Govern Themselves” and “Federal Elections.”
Simulated citizenship test
The citizenship interview
Alongside the written test, an officer will speak with you to confirm your application and check that you can communicate in English or French. These are the kinds of questions that come up — flip each card for what a strong answer should cover.
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